GENDER INEQUALITY IN ESWATINI: WOMEN’S STRUGGLE FOR JUSTICE AND EQUALITY
By February 2023, the fight for gender equality in Eswatini remained a significant yet underrepresented part of the broader struggle for justice and democracy. Women across the country continued to face systemic barriers rooted in both tradition and institutional discrimination, making their fight for equality an uphill battle. Despite these challenges, women have emerged as critical voices in advocating for change, pushing for reforms that not only advance their rights but also strengthen the pro-democracy movement as a whole.
Gender inequality in Eswatini is deeply embedded in cultural and legal structures. Women are often excluded from key decision-making processes, both at home and in the public sphere. Customary laws frequently disadvantage women, particularly in matters of land ownership and inheritance. In many rural areas, women must rely on male relatives for access to land, leaving them vulnerable to displacement and exploitation. The lack of secure land rights is not just an economic issue—it undermines women’s ability to build independent and stable lives.
The legal system has also failed to adequately protect women from gender-based violence and discrimination. Cases of domestic violence, sexual assault, and harassment are often underreported due to stigma and a lack of faith in the justice system. For those who do come forward, the legal process can be lengthy and retraumatizing, with limited resources available to support survivors. The absence of robust protections against gender-based violence highlights the state’s failure to prioritize the safety and well-being of women.
In the political arena, women remain significantly underrepresented. The monarchy’s centralized power structure and traditional governance systems leave little room for women’s voices. While Eswatini’s constitution includes provisions for gender equality, their implementation is inconsistent, and women’s participation in leadership roles remains limited. This exclusion deprives the country of diverse perspectives and hinders efforts to build a more inclusive and equitable society.
Despite these barriers, women in Eswatini have continued to lead and advocate for change. Grassroots organizations and community leaders have been instrumental in raising awareness about gender inequality and pushing for reforms. These groups focus on issues ranging from land rights and access to education to combating gender-based violence and promoting women’s participation in politics. Their efforts have not only empowered women but also contributed to the broader pro-democracy movement, highlighting the interconnectedness of gender justice and political reform.
Women’s activism often comes with significant risks. Female leaders face harassment, intimidation, and violence, both from state actors and within their communities. The monarchy and its allies frequently target women activists, viewing their advocacy as a threat to the traditional power structures that underpin the regime. Despite these dangers, women continue to stand at the forefront of the fight for justice, demonstrating extraordinary resilience and courage.
The international community has begun to recognize the importance of supporting women’s rights in Eswatini. Advocacy organizations have called for stronger protections against gender-based violence, equal access to resources, and greater representation of women in decision-making processes. However, much more needs to be done to translate these calls into tangible change. Global actors must prioritize funding and resources for women-led initiatives and hold the Eswatini government accountable for its commitments to gender equality.
The struggle for women’s rights in Eswatini is not separate from the fight for democracy—it is a critical part of it. Addressing gender inequality is essential for building a society that values justice, fairness, and inclusivity. Women’s voices and leadership are indispensable in shaping the future of Eswatini, and their contributions must be recognized and supported.
The resilience and determination of women in Eswatini are a source of inspiration. Their fight for equality, often undertaken in the face of immense challenges, reflects the strength and courage of a nation determined to overcome oppression. As they continue to advocate for justice and reform, they remind us all that the fight for gender equality is a fight for a better Eswatini—one where every individual, regardless of gender, has the opportunity to thrive. Together, their efforts are paving the way for a brighter, more inclusive future.
